Pragmatic Engineer 对谈 Titus Winters:Google 大规模重构经验与 CS 教育改革
Gergely Orosz 在播客中访谈《Software Engineering at Google》主笔 Titus Winters,回顾其领导 Google 2.5 亿行 C++ 代码库重构、构建 Abseil 和 readability 项目的经历。
Gergely Orosz 在播客中访谈《Software Engineering at Google》主笔 Titus Winters,回顾其领导 Google 2.5 亿行 C++ 代码库重构、构建 Abseil 和 readability 项目的经历。
IBM 工程师 Markus Eisele 以内部工具 Task Viewer 为例,分享自己委托编码智能体实现并验证结果的经验。
The coding interview is dead, at least for my team at Anthropic. I've seen enough to know that it no longer provides signal. I removed it from loops this month. I have a spicy, optimistic take - I think there's an opportunity for junior engineers: https://felixrieseberg.com/hunger-beats-tenure-advice-for-junior-engineers/
Anthropic 工程经理 Felix Rieseberg 认为小型编程测试已无意义,因为 Claude 做得比候选人更好,他在招聘中改看能体现品味、同理心和原则性思考的小原型。
Anthropic 招聘经理、Claude 相关产品工程负责人 Felix Rieseberg 表示已在本月团队招聘流程中取消传统编程题面试,称编程面试已死、不再能传递信号。
作者以一次 CI 中 SonarQube 标记 Codex 生成的高复杂度 App.tsx 的排查经历为引,讨论智能体包办编码后工程师如何维持系统所有权。
Sar Haidar 在 O'Reilly Radar 撰文指出,同一份 AI 订阅在基础设施团队中会产出五种截然不同的使用模式:Soloist、Copy-Paster、Godot Waiter、Specialist 和 Tourist,且这些是可切换的模式而非人格类型。
The Verge 分析 AI 能否解决 COBOL 遗留代码危机。OpenAI 于 10 月 19 日称其最新模型在老旧语言代码迁移上有重大改进,GPT-6.1 Sol 在高推理力度下实现 98% 的行为保持准确率,低推理力度下为 87%,对比 GPT-5.6 Sol 仅 5%;Anthropic 二月也发布代码现代化指南并推广 Claude Code。
verification is the biggest bottleneck for coding agents right now according to @addyosmani. we @warpdotdev have put a lot of thought into building a good computer-use tool for Warp Factories. every agents gets a computer to navigate the apps they built, take screenshots and recordings, and post them back for human review. 3-4mins of activity get edited down to 15 clips stitched together with cursor clicks, mouse animations, and key presses. we've been able to dramatically cut our time to merge and unlocked faster iteration + review cycles, especially for projects that are hard to mock out locally!
The Verge 报道,AI 编码工具让复古游戏的反编译与移植大幅提速,近一个月来 Halo 浏览器版、iPhone 版 Wind Waker 等项目频繁走红。
Databricks 负责 AI 产品的 Patrick 在访谈中讲述公司全面采用 AI 编码智能体后成本一度指数级上涨,最终部分场景单位成本下降达 90%。
AWS Senior Principal PM、Kiro 负责人撰文分析团队从个人 AI 编码助手走向开发平台的核心问题。他认为团队放权给智能体的关键不是模型变强,而是验证输出的成本变低,信任决定了智能体能承担多少工作;智能体按任务计费打破了按席位收费模式,约 20% 重度开发者消耗约 80% 预算;信任解锁软件工厂,工厂才能把预算、限流和任务路由等成本控制内置成系统能力。
Tessl 博客引用 Jellyfish 2026 年 9 月 AI Engineering Trends 数据指出,中位数公司已有 22% 的合并 PR 由自主编码 Agent 撰写(90 分位达 53%),但仅约 0.6% 的 PR 由 Agent 评审合并(前 10% 公司为 9%)。
推荐理由:基于 Jellyfish 平台数据指出 agent 写码占比与人工评审瓶颈的落差,并归纳领先团队用平台工程加速建立信任的做法。
Latent Space 在 AIE New York 采访 Tenex 的 Alex Lieberman 与 CJ Hess,介绍这家按 story points 为工程师付酬的公司如何扩展到 75 人,客户一半为 Fortune 2000、一半为营收 1 亿至 5 亿美元的中型企业。
AWS Senior Principal PM、Kiro 负责人在 DevCon 演讲预告中提出,从个体编码助手走向团队平台本质是组织变革而非工具采购,信任先于一切。团队给智能体更多工作的依据是验证能力提升而非模型变强,且成本随任务规模而非席位固定,约 20% 的开发者消耗约 80% 的预算,需像管理云账单一样按团队和流程做 token 可见性。
重庆 Force Academy 在 G7–G12 学生中推行"第二使用者测试",把看似完成的项目交给另一名学生独立使用、核查或修改,以检验原作者之外的人能否看懂。
Jeremy Scheff 在《我为编程写的讣告》中写道,编程智能体让热爱解谜的程序员失去了核心乐趣:过去写代码像拿钱做逻辑谜题,越难越值钱,普通人做不了只能依赖程序员。对只想构建可用系统的人,LLM 是持续馈赠;若享受直接解题本身,这种损失非常真实。
Dan Shipper 撰文讲述 OpenAI 一支小团队如何将发布失败的 Codex 打造成接管 ChatGPT 的应用,如今 Codex 与 ChatGPT for Work 合计拥有 4000 万周活用户。
Simon Willison 引用 Addy Osmani、Morgan Westlee Lunt 和 Qing Wang 关于 Claude Code 团队代码评审的文章,认为“是否有人类读过代码”是判断变更风险的不精确代理,更应问的是变更可能出什么问题、该用自动化还是人工检查来发现。
Codex is one of the most important untold stories in the history of technology. A year ago, it was a scrappy effort in a quiet corner of @OpenAI. Its cloud product hadn’t found PMF, and the team was starting over from scratch. Less than 12 months later: - Codex swallowed the flagship ChatGPT desktop app from the inside (it literally runs as com.openai.codex on your Mac) - Codex and ChatGPT for Work hit 40M+ weekly users across engineering and knowledge work - Its leader @thsottiaux was elevated to run all of OpenAI’s core products, including ChatGPT, Codex, and the API How did they pull it off? They trained their own dedicated model line, separate from ChatGPT, with researchers and product builders sitting on the same team They built four different products in a single year (cloud → terminal → IDE sidebar → a desktop app with no code editor at all) as every model leap made a new form factor possible They used Codex to build Codex—so a handful of people could prove a new product in weeks instead of arguing for it in meetings I had a front-row seat to the whole arc—from their failed Cloud launch, to OpenAI’s offices the night before GPT-5 dropped, to the day Codex took over ChatGPT. And I spent months interviewing @gdb, @thsottiaux, @embirico, @mia_glaese, @aambrosino, and @edbayes to get inside how it all went down. Here is the full, behind-closed-doors story of the team that remade OpenAI: https://every.to/p/how-codex-happened We’re pushing the boundaries of how stories like this are told. This piece is completely agent-native—designed to be read alongside your agent inside ChatGPT’s in-app browser: - Every interview transcript is included in full: Click any quote and you (or your agent) can see the exact conversation it came from. - Built for your agent to explore: Ask your agent to pull out product lessons for your team, cross-examine the transcripts, or find insights I missed when writing the piece. It’s a story about the future of software—built to be read with an agent: https://every.to/p/how-codex-happened
Every 创始人通过亲历 GPT-5 测试和对 Embiricos、Sottiaux、Glaese 等核心成员的访谈,复盘 Codex 从 2025 年 5 月 Codex Cloud 发布遇冷,到转向本地 CLI 和编辑器扩展、再到 2026 年 2 月桌面版发布并最终在 7 月并入 ChatGPT 的全过程。
独立开发者 Popcar 撰文讨论近期 AI 驱动的游戏反编译浪潮,包括游戏混搭创作,以及借助 WebAssembly 在浏览器等新硬件上复活老游戏的保存热潮。文中指出反面风险是任何软件都可被反编译并任意使用,付费游戏或应用可能被违背意愿开源;正面则是老游戏更易移植和访问,让玩家能真正拥有所购软件。Simon Willison 转发并称其兼顾了正反两面。
We rebuilt TasteSkill from scratch And today we are introducing TasteSkill v2 v2 gives your coding agent an art direction, assets and a browser check to verify its work npx skills add Leonxlnx/taste-skill check out more examples below!
Tessl 发文提出评估 AI 软件工厂开放性的关键问题是能否把组织上下文带进来、把生产中积累的知识带走。文章给出透明性、可复现性、互操作性和生态复用四个可验证维度,并建议从一个受限工作流入手,把反复纠正的问题沉淀为技能、架构决策和评测用例,再在其他智能体或 harness 上演练迁移。
OpenAI 联合创始人、现 Anthropic 成员 Andrej Karpathy 提出大语言模型用户分四层:约 60 亿人几乎未接触 LLM,10-20 亿人把免费产品当更好的搜索或写作辅助。
codebases have always contained slop. we have always been okay with this because code rarely needs to be perfect, outside of mission critical "hard" (eg embedded) software. swe is a unique form of engineering because you're often building something that constantly evolves and is almost organic - user tastes change, your mental models evolve, and features come and go. admittedly, i and many others who've been coding for a long time were initially (like back in 2024) skeptical that agents would write production code. "but what about all the slop that would enter our beautiful codebase?". well, even before, we had human slop, and there was a lot of it! if we're being truthful, most people call "code i didn't write" slop. the reality is that 99% of people (i include myself in that number) don't even know what Good Code looks like, let alone be capable of writing it. i would propose that Good Code is: • correct • bug free • fast and cost efficient to run it has always been exceedingly difficult and expensive to write truly Good Code, because for the longest time (maybe @bendlang will change that), code was not something you could cheaply and formally guarantee to have all 3 of these properties. this is why writing hard software is much more difficult and expensive, because depending on the use case, you may only get one chance and so you have to be right from the start. but the vast majority of software we use does not need to be Good Code to provide value to users. in fact, it is very likely that most software we use is not formally verifiable! we accepted some bugs in exchange for velocity and progress, so we rely on tests and o11y instead and have adopted a more incremental approach. this is a good thing! agents help us move faster, and if you're open to the idea, are capable of helping us write better code. it won't be Good Code (that is still expensive), but it is likely to be much better on average at scale. the new craft of swe is to figure out how to do this. it's your job now! if your productivity with and without agents is not significantly different, you're doing something wrong. but it's not too late to embrace it and use it as an opportunity to learn a whole new skill tree
codebases have always contained slop. we have always been okay with this because code rarely needs to be perfect, outside of mission critical "hard" (eg embedded) software. swe is a unique form of engineering because you're often building something that constantly evolves and is almost organic - user tastes change, your mental models evolve, and features come and go. admittedly, i and many others who've been coding for a long time were initially (like back in 2024) skeptical that agents would write production code. "but what about all the slop that would enter our beautiful codebase?". well, even before, we had human slop, and there was a lot of it! if we're being truthful, most people call "code i didn't write" slop. the reality is that 99% of people (i include myself in that number) don't even know what Good Code looks like, let alone be capable of writing it. i would propose that Good Code is: • correct • bug free • fast and cost efficient to run it has always been exceedingly difficult and expensive to write truly Good Code, because for the longest time (maybe @bendlang will change that), code was not something you could cheaply and formally guarantee to have all 3 of these properties. this is why writing hard software is much more difficult and expensive, because depending on the use case, you may only get one chance and so you have to be right from the start. but the vast majority of software we use does not need to be Good Code to provide value to users. in fact, it is very likely that most software we use is not formally verifiable! we accepted some bugs in exchange for velocity and progress, so we rely on tests and o11y instead and have adopted a more incremental approach. this is a good thing! agents help us move faster, and if you're open to the idea, are capable of helping us write better code. it won't be Good Code (that is still expensive), but it is likely to be much better on average at scale. the new craft of swe is to figure out how to do this. it's your job now! if your productivity with and without agents is not significantly different, you're doing something wrong. but it's not too late to embrace it and use it as an opportunity to learn a whole new skill tree
对于那些嘲笑 Codex 不可能预测你下一条消息的人——我也曾是其中之一 😬 本以为它绝不可能预测出我接下来要问什么。但用了一周之后,我大概 tab 接受了 40-50% 的建议。
Now in beta: composer predictions in Codex for Pro users. Codex can now suggest your next message based on your conversation and how you talk to it. One of the most loved new features we've ever tested internally.
Gergely Orosz 在 LDX3 大会发表 29 分钟主题演讲,结合走访 OpenAI、Anthropic 及 GitHub、Factory AI、Linear 的独家数据,绘制 2026 年科技行业快照。
推荐理由:作者基于走访 OpenAI、Anthropic 等公司和 GitHub 独家数据,梳理去年出现的十余项工程实践变化、失效假设与不变原则,可作行业快照参考。
Power users are driving consumer AI market growth. The top 1% of US consumer AI payers average $903 a month, while flat plans hold the median at $25. One top-1% payer spends as much as roughly 59 bottom-half payers, on average. Median spend has barely moved, while average spend in the top 1% climbed from $504 to $903 a month between January 2025 and August 2026. Model labs are better placed than apps built on their models to capture consumer AI's top 1% of spenders. Those users average $903 a month, up from $504, and most of it buys model usage. A lab pays only its serving cost for that usage, while an app pays API prices. Anthropic earlier said one $200 Max subscriber ran up tens of thousands of dollars in usage, a bill no API-paying app could absorb. Apps that want this tier have to own more of the model, as Cursor began doing with its Composer coding model.
OpenAI recently published data on its researchers’ coding-agent usage. We took their weekly figures from January to mid-August 2026 and fitted trends to summarize how quickly spending grew. We found that spending has been doubling about once a month.
作者总结智能体编程带来的四个问题:LLM 生成代码带有让人难以亲近的 slop 风格,如 Claude 输出词 salad、Astra 写出代码高尔夫式风格;工程师因远离直接编码而失去掌控感与责任感;技能退化真实存在,长期使用 AI 后智力下滑,且 AI 使用几乎没有学习曲线;团队聊天被 agent 对话取代,人际交流与技能表达被削弱。作者自认对这些困境没有解决方案。
VC Tomer Tunguz 提出 AI 时代软件的两种构建哲学:vibe coding 像在多个培养皿中并行迭代让软件生长,而设计式软件是状态机设计。与 AI 共同设计状态机时可让 AI 给出流程图,把每个分支铺进表格使漏洞暴露,并用形式验证(引用 Boris Cherny 用 Lean 和 TLA+ 验证 Claude Agent SDK 的做法)保证软件按预期运行,适合必须可靠的核心系统。